Goa is a coastal state situated in conditions found in the examination. The Western Ghats. Goa is bounded by Recent studies showed that some Arabian Sea, states of Karnataka and metabolites and nutritional factors are Maharashtra. A Ion g wit h the responsible for infertility. The energy agricultural activities livestock raising is a shortage in the postpartum period led to one of an important occupation of many decreases in luteinizing hormone farmers and landless poor. The state has secretion frequency and dynamic sizeable cattle population i.e. about 1.5 follicle diameter, however, it increases lakhs, 80 thousand buffaloes, 1 lakh calving interval time. pigs, and 40 thousand goats.
Production is closely related with of estrous without pregnancy is a reproduction. Therefore in the anoestrus. In this condition there is the economics of livestock industry, great insufficient stimulus from pituitary for importance is attached to the secretion of FSH or LH resulting in maintenance of fertility in animals. failure of maturation and rupture of Infertility in farm animals causes Grafian follicle. Malnutrition due to heavy economic losses to livestock non – availability 0f feeds 0r industry. Artificial breeding program physiological problems in assimilation
Artificial breeding program physiological problems in assimilation depend on the inherent fertility, health may lead to anoestrum. Nutrition and management of cow as Infectious infertility is necessarily well as the ability of handlers to caused by venereal infections and preserve store and deliver healthy mostly through sexual passage i.e. semen does to cow/buffalo at proper natural or artificial breeding. Spread of time during the estrus.
Due to infertility, these infections are due to movement of if the open span is increased by one livestock from different regions of the estrous cycle, this accounts for the loss of country. Cystic ovarian degeneration is the production of 20-25 days in addition to multi-glandular degeneration showing the cost of treatment and vacant days, nymphomania, irregular estrus cycle labour, etc. and it is mostly permanent Infertility in farm animals is due to degeneration. various causes such as nutrition, It is possible to detect infertile, physiological disturbances and subfertile and sterile animals by infectious causes, which may work tho r 0 ugh investigations 0f separately or in combination. For this management and health.
There is reason each cause must be accurately different aspects such as nutrition, diagnosed and treated according to management, infectious agents that affect infertility. Nutritional aspects include green fodder, balanced feeding, mineral supplementation. Management aspects include breeding strategies, timely detection of estrus, care of pregnant animals, care of post parturient dams, vaccination schedule for important diseases. Infections include bacterial, viral, protozoal and fungal infections affecting genital tracts. In Go,a there is a frequent movement of animals from neighbouring states for replacing stock as well as meat animals. This invites the risk of various infections as well as the problem of adaptability to environment and feed habits. Due to all these reasons, there are serious infertility problems in farm animals.
The study was conducted by ICAR Research Complex for Goa and 743 infertile animals were screened in 50
infertility camps in collaboration with Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, Government of Goa and Goa State Milk Producers’ Cooperative Union Limited, Curti, Ponda, Goa. Breeds of cattle reared in Goa and examined for infertility were local nondescript, Gir, Red Sindhi, Sahiwal and crosses of Jersey and Holstein Friesian. Most of the animals from the age group 4-6 years were reported for infertility and they were mostly from first to the fourth lactation. Cervical swaps were subjected to culture and sensitivity for antibiotics and blood serum was tested for antibody titre against diseases like brucellosis.
Types of infertilities
Economic losses can be considerable, both in terms of the cost of keeping a cow and the lost cash
opportunity from fewer calves available to the market. Additional losses occur if the subsequent calving period is extended, resulting in higher production costs and lighter calves weaned in the following year. Major infertilities are anoestrus and repeat breeding.
Anestrous
Anestrous is considered as a problem when cows are not seen in heat. Failure to observe heat and heat
detection must always be ruled out as the primary problem. Review the heat detection procedures and heat detection efficiency with the producer. Pregnancy can be a prominent cause of anestrous and must always be ruled out before anything else.
Other reasons for anoestrous are ovarian aplasia, which is a rare condition when one or both ovaries are
absent. It is caused when the gonadal ridge does not form correctly. Palpation is the best diagnostic
method. There may be partial aplasia, when ‘only one ovary does not form. Investigations in Goa revealed anoestrous cases, 73% due to nutritional problems and 27% true anoestrum cases.
Ovarian Hypoplasia
Where one or both ovaries are smaller than normal This is a recessive trait in the Swedish Highland breed and is caused by a single autosomal recessive gene with incomplete penetration. True anestrus must be ruled out. There may be partial hypoplasia with this condition Suckling by the calf inhibits cyclic activity in the cow by decreasing LH release. Summer heat stress occurs when the combined effects of heat and humidity produce a high “apparent temperature”.
Where one or both ovaries are smaller than normal This is a recessive trait in the Swedish Highland breed and is caused by a single autosomal recessive gene with incomplete penetration. True anestrus must be ruled out. There may be partial hypoplasia with this condition Suckling by the calf inhibits cyclic activity in the cow by decreasing LH release. Summer heat stress occurs when the combined effects of heat and humidity produce a high “apparent temperature”.
Where one or both ovaries are smaller than normal This is a recessive trait in the Swedish Highland breed and is caused by a single autosomal recessive gene with incomplete penetration. True anestrus must be ruled out. There may be partial hypoplasia with this condition Suckling by the calf inhibits cyclic activity in the cow by decreasing LH release. Summer heat stress occurs when the combined effects of heat and humidity produce a high “apparent temperature”. If you compare estrus duration at 33.5°C vs 18.2°C, then the estrous cycle is longer and the estrus duration is shorter and estrus intensity is less.
Ovarian Atrophy
Ovarian atrophy is Ovarian atrophy is caused by nutritional problems and is most often seen in dairy cows with high production.
Mummy
A mummy in the uterus simulate a pregnancy and prevent the normal luteolytic mechanism. This results in anestrous. Treatment for this condition is the administration of prostaglandin to lyse the corpus luteum.
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Source-
- Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Ela, Old Goa, Goa
