Diseases of Black and Green gram

Diseases of Black and Green Gram are as follows:-

S.No.	Diseases of Gram
1.	Anthracnose: Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
2.	Bacterial Leaf Blight: Xanthomonas phaseoli
3.	Cercospora leaf spot: Cercospora canescens
4.	Powdery Mildew: Erysiphe polygoni
5.	Root Rot and Leaf Blight: Rhizoctonia solani
6.	Rust: Uromyces phaseoli
7.	Stem canker: Macrophomina phaseolina
8.	Yellow Mosaic: Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus
9.	Leaf Crinkle: Leaf Crinkle Virus

Integrated Pest/Disease Management of Black and Green Gram

Pulses are a part of the average diet. Yet, pulse production has remained in the range of 14 million tonnes. Pulses are a crop of the marginal lands, requiring less water and replenishing soil nutrients. Pulses are less concentrated crops. To increase the productivity proper plant protection measures to control insect pests is essential.

Mechanical control methods

•  Remove and destroy stem fly damaged seedlings Pest and Disease Management: Organic Ecosystem
• Pull out plants manifesting symptoms of sterility mosaic, yellow mosaic, leaf curl and leaf crinkle virus disease since they will serve as a source of inoculum spread by sucking pests
• Collect eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of the insects to the extent possible to reduce their population (leaf feeding caterpillars, beetles, weevils, grasshoppers etc.)
•  Burn the crop residues after harvest.

Cultural control methods

• Sow good and healthy seeds
• In stem fly, endemic areas use a higher seed rate to the extent of 25 – 30% to compensate the loss of seedlings
• Maintain the fields and bunds free from weeds
• Avoid crops susceptible to some pests either as mixed crops or in crop rotation
• Provide T-shaped bird perches
•  Grow castor along the borders to trap S.litura, marigold to trap H.armigera and cowpea to trap stem fly.
•  The plant density should not exceed 30 – 35 / sq.m. If it exceeds it creates favourable microclimate suitable for the multiplication of pests and diseases.

Botanical control methods

•  Spray NSKE (5%) or neem oil (3%) alternatively (aphid, mite, whitefly)

Biological control methods

•  Spray specific NPV suspensions of H. armigera and S. litura in the evening hours

Behavioural control methods

•  Set up sex pheromone traps to attract and kill male moths of Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura. Set up five traps per acre from floral bud formation and change the septa once in 3 weeks
•  Use of light trap to monitor and kill the attracted adult moths of tobacco cutworm.

Source-

• TamilNadu Agritech Portal